Attribution analysis of runoff change in the Datong River Basin, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
Received date: 2023-03-21
Revised date: 2023-08-01
Online published: 2024-06-20
The Datong River Basin is located on the northeastern edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and is a sensitive and fragile ecological environment. It is of great significance to conduct research on the evolution and attribution of water resources in changing environments for the protection of the water ecological environment in the area and the construction of water ecocivilization. Statistical methods such as linear regression, concentration degree, concentration period, ordered clustering test, and wavelet analysis were used to analyze the characteristics of annual variation, seasonal distribution, periodicity, and abrupt changes in basin runoff. On the basis of the cumulative slope change rate method and double cumulative curve, the effects of climate factors and human activities on runoff changes were quantitatively evaluated. The results showed the following: (1) The climate in the Datong River Basin had warmed and humidified significantly in the past 60 years, with increases in average annual temperature, precipitation, and potential evapotranspiration of 0.42 ℃·(10a)-1, 8.9 mm·(10a)-1, and 5.6 mm·(10a)-1, respectively. The annual runoff showed a decreasing trend, with a tendency rate of 0.67×108 m3·(10a)-1. (2) The concentration degree and uneven coefficient of runoff showed a weak downward trend, and the increasing dry season runoff trend was evident. The seasonal distribution was more uniform, and the concentration period showed a delayed trend, with a delay rate of 3.0 d·(10a)-1. (3) The annual runoff oscillated significantly at a scale of approximately 44 years, and the mutation occurred in 1990. After the mutation, runoff decreased by 3.52×108 m3. The distribution of glaciers in the basin showed a decreasing trend, whereas the vegetation cover did not show a significant change. (4) The contributions of climate and human activities to the runoff decrease in the Datong River were -17.7% and 117.7%, respectively. Precipitation was the main source of water supply in the Datong River Basin, and interbasin water transfer was the main driving factor for runoff reduction.
Shuzhi WANG , Deping WEN . Attribution analysis of runoff change in the Datong River Basin, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2024 , 47(2) : 203 -213 . DOI: 10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2023.124
表1 大通河流域各要素趋势检验Tab. 1 Trend test of elements in the Datong River Basin |
| 水文气象 要素 | 变化 趋势 | 线性趋势回归检验 | Kendall秩次检验 | Spearman秩次检验 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T | 显著性水平 (ɑ=0.05,tɑ/2=2.0) | U | 显著性水平 (ɑ=0.05,Uɑ/2=1.96) | T | 显著性水平 (ɑ=0.05,tɑ/2=2.0) | ||||
| 年平均气温 | 增加 | 16.30 | 趋势显著 | 7.74 | 趋势显著 | 16.70 | 趋势显著 | ||
| 年降水量 | 增加 | 2.58 | 趋势显著 | 2.22 | 趋势显著 | 2.25 | 趋势显著 | ||
| 潜在蒸发量 | 增加 | 1.83 | 趋势不显著 | 1.08 | 趋势不显著 | 1.14 | 趋势不显著 | ||
| 年径流量 | 减少 | 1.72 | 趋势不显著 | 1.53 | 趋势不显著 | 1.51 | 趋势不显著 | ||
注:T、U为统计量。 |
图6 大通河流域累积年径流深、降水量和潜在蒸发量与年份的拟合关系Fig. 6 Fitting relationship between cumulative annual runoff depth, precipitation, evapotranspiration and year in the Datong River Basin |
表2 气候变化和人类活动对大通河流域径流影响Tab. 2 Impacts of climate change and human activities on runoff in the Datong River Basin |
| 时期 | 径流深 | 气候变化 | 人类活动 | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 斜率 | 变化率/% | 降水量 | 潜在蒸发量 | ||||||||
| 斜率 | 变化率/% | CP/% | 斜率 | 变化率/% | CET/% | CH/% | |||||
| 基准期(1961—1990年) | 187.2 | - | 483.4 | - | - | 921.8 | - | - | - | ||
| 变化期(1991—2020年) | 168.1 | -10.2 | 499.0 | 3.2 | -31.4 | 934.7 | 1.4 | 13.7 | 117.7 | ||
注:CP、CET、CH分别为降水量、潜在蒸发量、人类活动对径流变化的贡献率。 |
表3 大通河流域冰川面积及植被覆盖度统计Tab. 3 Statistics of glacier area and fractional vegetation cover (FVC) in the Datong River Basin |
| 指标 | 1986年 | 1990年 | 1995年 | 2000年 | 2005年 | 2010年 | 2015年 | 2017年 | 2018年 | 2019年 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 冰川面积/km2 | 37.0 | 29.5 | 25.0 | 22.3 | 21.3 | 29.5 | 16.3 | 16.3 | 16.4 | 17.3 |
| FVC年值 | 0.597 | 0.556 | 0.621 | 0.519 | 0.476 | 0.536 | 0.661 | 0.543 | 0.570 | 0.595 |
| FVC生长季均值 | 0.723 | 0.744 | 0.762 | 0.688 | 0.688 | 0.699 | 0.827 | 0.727 | 0.727 | 0.726 |
| 年径流深/mm | 191.3 | 196.3 | 171.3 | 158.4 | 189.5 | 143.0 | 131.9 | 193.0 | 175.3 | 198.8 |
| 生长季径流深/mm | 114.7 | 97.6 | 73.0 | 71.1 | 83.2 | 73.9 | 69.4 | 64.3 | 56.9 | 72.5 |
注:FVC为植被覆盖度。 |
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