Changes in terrestrial water storage and evaluation of oasis ecological security in the Tarim River Basin
Received date: 2023-05-29
Revised date: 2023-06-25
Online published: 2024-06-20
Oases are unique and ecologically sensitive landscape types in arid and semiarid regions and play a crucial role in sustaining human survival and socioeconomic development. However, climatic changes and human activities are causing drastic changes to water resources and the oasis eco-environment. This study analyzes terrestrial water storage changes and assesses the ecological security of oases in the Tarim River Basin of Xinjiang, China. The assessment was performed using the fraction of vegetation cover, a remote sensing ecological index, and net primary productivity (NPP) using the Carnegie-Ames-Stanford approach. The analysis used moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer satellite images, GRACE data, land use data, and climatic gridded and observed data from 2002 to 2020. The results indicate the following: (1) Terrestrial water storage in the Tarim River Basin decreased at a rate of 0.27 mm per month. Spatially, terrestrial water storage in the northern and western regions of the Tarim River Basin exhibited a negative trend, whereas that in the southern regions of the Basin showed a positive trend. (2) The total oasis area in the Tarim River Basin expanded by 6.49% (0.42×104 km2) from 2000 to 2020. The ecological security of the basin improved, and the eco-environment ranged from poor to general grade. Approximately 69% of the region’s eco-environment improved, whereas the area of ecological degradation was less than 5%. The normalized difference vegetation index increased from 0.13 in 2000 to 0.16 in 2020, the fraction of vegetation cover increased by 36.79%, and the NPP expanded by 31.55% in the past 20 years. (3) Rising temperatures and precipitation contributed to increased downstream river runoff and spatiotemporal variability of water resources in the Tarim River Basin. However, human activities are a key factor in the expansion of oases.
Qifei ZHANG , Yaning CHEN , Congjian SUN , Yanyun XIANG , Haichao HAO . Changes in terrestrial water storage and evaluation of oasis ecological security in the Tarim River Basin[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2024 , 47(1) : 1 -14 . DOI: 10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2023.247
表1 塔里木河流域绿洲区主要河流水文信息Tab. 1 Hydrological information of main rivers in the oases of the Tarim River Basin |
| 水系序号 | 流域 | 绿洲范围面积/km2 | 水文站 | 流域面积/km2 | 年均径流量/108 m3 | 冰川占比/% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 开孔河(开都河-博斯腾湖) | 6901.08 | 大山口 | 19022 | 41.65 | 1.21 |
| 开孔河(孔雀河) | 4074.80 | 塔什店 | 33200 | 14.44 | 0.00 | |
| 2 | 迪那河 | 1882.67 | 迪那河 | 5193 | 1.95 | 0.43 |
| 3 | 渭干-库车河 | 9415.49 | 黑孜、卡拉苏、拜城、卡木鲁克、破城子、托克逊 | 10774 | 29.67 | 15.12 |
| 4 | 阿克苏河 | 15634.70 | 协合拉、沙里桂兰克 | 50000 | 79.89 | 3.52 |
| 5 | 喀什噶尔河 | 16025.20 | 恰其嘎、卡浪沟吕克、维他克、克勒克、卡拉贝利、沙曼 | 28659 | 66.52 | 5.80 |
| 6 | 叶尔羌河 | 17410.10 | 卡群 | 50248 | 67.85 | 1.45 |
| 7 | 和田河 | 9066.15 | 乌鲁瓦提、同古孜洛克 | 34558 | 46.08 | 5.34 |
| 8 | 策勒-克里雅河 | 4115.07 | 策勒 | 9390 | 9.78 | 5.23 |
| 9 | 车尔臣河 | 5408.91 | 且末 | 26822 | 6.63 | 1.98 |
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