在气候变暖背景下，土壤热状态的变化正对土壤中发生的物理、化学以及微生物过程起着至关重要的作用。土壤热状态通常由气温主导，并受到植被、积雪、土壤性质等局部因素控制。积雪改变了大气与土壤之间的能量交换，对冷季土壤热状态起到了决定性作用。本文基于新疆地区中国气象局77个观测站点逐日的积雪深度、气温、地表温度（土壤0 cm处）数据，利用统计分析与数值模拟方法，综合探究了新疆地区季节性积雪对土壤温度的影响，同时揭示了新疆地区积雪对土壤热状态影响的原理机制。结果表明，2005—2020年新疆地区77个气象站点冷季地表温度、气温、积雪深度、地气温差在空间上的分布具有一致性。2005—2020年稳定积雪站的冷季（10月—次年3月）平均雪深为5.9 cm，平均气温为-4.6 ℃，平均地表温度为-1.3 ℃。而非稳定积雪站平均气温为1.4 ℃，平均地表温度为2.4 ℃。地气温差受积雪深度的控制，积雪每增加1 cm，地气温差增加0.26 ℃。拟合结果显示，气温每增加1 ℃，当积雪深度为 5 cm时，地表温度增加0.57 ℃；当积雪深度为30 cm时，地表温度增加0.20 ℃。进一步选取典型稳定积雪站阿勒泰站开展了2008年积雪年（2008年7月1日—2009年6月30日）的模拟试验，结果表明，当积雪密度从200 kg?m^-3增加至400 kg?m^-3时，积雪下方平均地表温度升高2.2 ℃；在保持2008年模拟时段积雪深度相同的情况下，降雪提前、降雪推迟、控制组三种情景的模拟结果显示，阿勒泰站2008年积雪期的平均地表温度分别为-2.7 ℃、-5.5 ℃、-3.6 ℃，表明降雪发生的时间越早，地表温度越高。

Gound thermal regime plays a crucial role in the soil physical， chemical， and microbiological processes. The ground thermal regime is typically dominated by air temperature as well as local factors such as vegetation， snow cover， and soil properties. Snow cover controls the energy exchange between the atmosphere and the land and plays a decisive role in the ground thermal regime during the cold season. This study investigated the influences of seasonal snow cover on ground surface temperature in Xinjiang based on 77 stations from the China Meteorological Administration. Our results showed that the mean ground surface temperature was about -1.3 ℃ at stable seasonal snow-covered stations in the cold season during 2005—2020， while the mean snow depth was 5.9 cm， and the air temperature was -4.6 ℃. At unstable seasonal snow-covered stations， the mean air temperature was 1.4 ℃ and the ground surface temperature was 2.4 ℃. The numerical simulation results indicated that an increase in snow depth of 1 cm corresponds to an increase of 0.26 ℃ in surface offset. A change in air temperature of 1 ℃ corresponds to a difference of ground surface temperature by 0.57 ℃ in the shallow snow zone （<5 cm） and by 0.20 ℃ in the thicker snow zone （>30 cm）. Further simulation was carried out at a typical snow station during 2008-07-01—2009-06-30. The results indicated that the mean ground surface temperature below the snow increased by 2.2 ℃ as the snow density increased from 200 kg?m^-3 to 400 kg?m^-3. The mean ground surface temperature during the simulation period was -2.7 ℃， -5.5 ℃， and -3.6 ℃ for the three scenarios of the normal time series， while maintaining the same snow depth， early snowfall， and delayed snowfall. The results highlight the significant influences of snow duriation on the ground surface temperature.