Remote Sensing for Natural Resources >
Band selection optimization for constructing water indices based on Sentinel-2A/B data
Received date: 2024-10-18
Revised date: 2025-06-19
Online published: 2026-06-03
The simple and efficient water index method has been widely used to monitor and identify surface water along with its spatiotemporal variations. However, with the application of narrow-band multispectral sensors, this method faces a challenge in selecting optimal bands with similar features when the data source changes during large-scale water monitoring. Guided by the normalized difference water index (NDWI) and the modified NDWI (MNDWI), and based on the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform, this study constructed water indices using the green bands and eight red bands from the Sentienl-2A/B multispectral sensor data. Employing Otsu's method, this study identified and extracted water bodies in six quadrats measuring 90 km × 90 km across different temporal and spatial ranges in China. The results indicate that the optimal band combination for water body extraction varied across different times and locations. Compared to the eight water indices constructed from the Sentienl-2A/B multispectral sensor data, the water index based on the combination of B3 and B11 bands, combined with Otsu's method, achieved optimal water identification and extraction results. These results were observed in summer in the lake regions of the Northeast China Plain and mountains, the eastern plains, the Inner Mongolian Plateau, the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, Xinjiang, and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. In both spring and summer, the water index based on the combination of B3 and B11 bands exhibited an overall accuracy (OA) exceeding 90% and a Kappa coefficient above 0.9, indicating its applicability across different time periods. Overall, the results of this study provide a reference for the design and development of sensors targeting water extraction and monitoring, and for feature band selection in water monitoring and extraction applications based on narrow-band remote sensing data.
XIA Xingsheng , LEI Boyang , DOU Chunjuan , CHEN Qiong , PAN Yaozhong . Band selection optimization for constructing water indices based on Sentinel-2A/B data[J]. Remote Sensing for Natural Resources, 2025 , 37(6) : 64 -76 . DOI: 10.6046/zrzyyg.2024342
表1 Sentinel-2A/B卫星多光谱数据参数Tab.1 Sentinel-2A/B satellite multispectral data parameters |
| 波段 | 中心波长/nm | 光谱带 宽/nm | 空间分 辨率/m |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bl(Coastal aerosol) | 443.9/442.3 | 27/45 | 60 |
| B2(Blue) | 496.6/492.1 | 98/98 | 10 |
| B3(Green) | 560/559 | 45/46 | 10 |
| B4(Red) | 664.5/665 | 38/39 | 10 |
| B5(Vegetation Red Edge) | 703.9/703.8 | 19/20 | 20 |
| B6(Vegetation Red Edge) | 740.2/739.1 | 18/18 | 20 |
| B7(Vegetation Red Edge) | 782.5/779.7 | 28/28 | 20 |
| B8(NIR) | 835.1/833 | 145/133 | 10 |
| B8A(Narrow NIR) | 864.8/864 | 33/32 | 20 |
| B9(Water Vapour) | 945/943.2 | 26/27 | 60 |
| B10(SWIR-Cirrus) | 1 373.5/1 376.9 | 75/76 | 60 |
| B11(SWIR) | 1 613.7/1 610.4 | 143/141 | 20 |
| B12(SWIR) | 2 202.4/2 185.7 | 242/238 | 20 |
表2 光谱特征分析Tab.2 Spectral feature analysis |
| 样方 | 春 | 夏 | 秋 | 冬 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ![]() | |||
| 2 | ![]() | |||
| 3 | ![]() | |||
| 4 | ![]() | |||
| 5 | ![]() | |||
| 6 | ![]() | |||
表4 东北平原山区湖区样方水体提取结果Tab.4 Water extraction results from the sample area of lake district in the Northeast Plain mountainous region |
| 类别 | 春季 | 夏季 | 秋季 | 冬季 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 样方1 | ![]() | |||
| B3B4 | ![]() | |||
| B3B5 | ![]() | |||
| B3B6 | ![]() | |||
| B3B7 | ![]() | |||
| B3B8 | ![]() | |||
| B3B8A | ![]() | |||
| B3B11 | ![]() | |||
| B3B12 | ![]() | |||
表5 东部平原地区湖区样方水体提取结果Tab.5 Water extraction results from the lake sample area in the Eastern Plain region |
| 类别 | 春季 | 夏季 | 秋季 | 冬季 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 样方2 | ![]() | |||
| B3B4 | ![]() | |||
| B3B5 | ![]() | |||
| B3B6 | ![]() | |||
| B3B7 | ![]() | |||
| B3B8 | ![]() | |||
| B3B8A | ![]() | |||
| B3B11 | ![]() | |||
| B3B12 | ![]() | |||
表6 内蒙古高原湖区样方水体提取结果Tab.6 Water extraction results of sample area in lake area of the Inner Mongolian plateau |
| 类别 | 春季 | 夏季 | 秋季 | 冬季 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 样方3 | ![]() | |||
| B3B4 | ![]() | |||
| B3B5 | ![]() | |||
| B3B6 | ![]() | |||
| B3B7 | ![]() | |||
| B3B8 | ![]() | |||
| B3B8A | ![]() | |||
| B3B11 | ![]() | |||
| B3B12 | ![]() | |||
表7 云贵高原地区湖区样方水体提取结果Tab.7 Water extraction results of lake sample area in the Yunnan-Guizhou plateau |
| 类别 | 春季 | 夏季 | 秋季 | 冬季 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 样方4 | ![]() | |||
| B3B4 | ![]() | |||
| B3B5 | ![]() | |||
| B3B6 | ![]() | |||
| B3B7 | ![]() | |||
| B3B8 | ![]() | |||
| B3B8A | ![]() | |||
| B3B11 | ![]() | |||
| B3B12 | ![]() | |||
表8 新疆地区湖区样方水体提取结果Tab.8 Water extraction results from lake sample areas in Xinjiang region |
| 类别 | 春季 | 夏季 | 秋季 | 冬季 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 样方5 | ![]() | |||
| B3B4 | ![]() | |||
| B3B5 | ![]() | |||
| B3B6 | ![]() | |||
| B3B7 | ![]() | |||
| B3B8 | ![]() | |||
| B3B8A | ![]() | |||
| B3B11 | ![]() | |||
| B3B12 | ![]() | |||
表9 青藏高原地区湖区样方水体提取结果Tab.9 Water extraction results from lake sample areas in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau region |
| 类别 | 春季 | 夏季 | 秋季 | 冬季 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 样方6 | ![]() | |||
| B3B4 | ![]() | |||
| B3B5 | ![]() | |||
| B3B6 | ![]() | |||
| B3B7 | ![]() | |||
| B3B8 | ![]() | |||
| B3B8A | ![]() | |||
| B3B11 | ![]() | |||
| B3B12 | ![]() | |||
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