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Spatiotemporal characteristics of the surface urban heat island effect in Tianjin City based on ECOSTRESS data
Received date: 2024-10-30
Revised date: 2025-06-13
Online published: 2026-06-03
With the continuous advancement of urbanization, the local thermal environments and microclimates of cities have undergone varying degrees of change, leading to the surface urban heat island (SUHI) effect. Based on the ECOsystem Spaceborne Thermal Radiometer Experiment on Space Station (ECOSTRESS) data and local climate zones (LCZs), this study investigated the diurnal variations of the SUHI effect in Tianjin City, the contributions of various LCZs to the SUHI effect during daytime and nighttime, and the SUHI gradient attenuation differences. The results indicate that the central urban area of Tianjin exhibited significant diurnal variations in the SUHI effect, reaching a minimum value of 0.14 at 3:00 and a maximum value of 3.56 at 13:00, with an average diurnal-nocturnal difference of 1.59. On a daily scale, the contributions of various LCZs to the SUHI effect displayed notable intra-class and inter-class differences. Generally, LCZ1 (compact high-rise buildings) and LCZ2 (compact mid-rise buildings) showed thermal difference indices (TDIs) of 2.10 and 2.13, respectively, serving as the primary heat sources. In contrast, LCZA (dense trees) and LCZG (water bodies) yielded TDIs of 0.89 and 0.85, respectively, serving as the primary cold sources. Notably, the roles of LCZ7 (lightweight low-rise buildings), LCZA, and LCZG as cold/heat sources changed significantly during daytime and nighttime. A pronounced SUHI gradient effect was observed in the central urban area of Tianjin, with the SUHI intensity negatively correlated with the distance from the urban center, building height, and building density. The Moran’s I of the SUHI effect was 0.70 during daytime and 0.84 during nighttime, indicating that the SUHI effect exhibited stronger spatial aggregation and gradient effect during nighttime. Overall, by analyzing the diurnal dynamic changes of the SUHI effect and the contributions of various LCZs to the SUHI effect, this study reduces the errors associated with previous analyses that rely solely on fixed-time images. It provides a novel insight into understanding urban planning and sustainable development policies. Moreover, this study can be referenced for alleviating the SUHI effect and improving the livability and sustainable development of cities.
QIN Jiakai , ZHU Zhongli , WU Qingxia , ZHANG Kaili . Spatiotemporal characteristics of the surface urban heat island effect in Tianjin City based on ECOSTRESS data[J]. Remote Sensing for Natural Resources, 2025 , 37(6) : 275 -285 . DOI: 10.6046/zrzyyg.2024358
表1 ECOSTRESS数据获取时间Tab.1 Acquisition times of ECOSTRESS data |
| 北京 时刻 | 北京日期 | ECOSTRESS 影像时刻 (UTC) | ECOSTRESS 影像日期 (UTC) | 昼夜 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 00:54 | 2022年05月22日 | 16:54 | 2022年05月21日 | 夜间 |
| 04:11 | 2020年07月15日 | 20:11 | 2020年07月14日 | 夜间 |
| 08:00 | 2023年06月15日 | 00:00 | 2023年06月15日 | 日间 |
| 09:30 | 2019年09月02日 | 01:30 | 2019年09月02日 | 日间 |
| 10:14 | 2022年08月10日 | 02:14 | 2022年08月10日 | 日间 |
| 18:19 | 2023年07月19日 | 10:19 | 2023年07月19日 | 日间 |
| 21:43 | 2022年05月29日 | 13:43 | 2022年05月29日 | 夜间 |
表2 局地气候区定义Tab.2 Local climate zone definition |
| 建成景观 | 描述 | 自然景观 | 描述 |
|---|---|---|---|
![]() | 高密度的高层建筑(>10层),少或无绿地。 | ![]() | 高密度树木,土地覆盖多为低矮植物。 |
![]() | 高密度的中层建筑(3~9层),少或无绿地。 | ![]() | 低密度林地,地表覆盖多为低矮植被。 |
![]() | 高密度的低层建筑(1~3层),少或无绿地。 | ![]() | 灌木和矮小树木开放排列。土地覆盖多为裸露土壤或沙子。 |
![]() | 低密度的高层建筑(>10层),丰富的树木和植被。 | ![]() | 草或草本植物、农作物的无特征景观,很少或没有树木。 |
![]() | 低密度的中层建筑(3~9层),丰富的树木和植被。 | ![]() | 岩石或铺砌覆盖物的无特色景观。很少或没有植被。 |
![]() | 低密度的低层建筑(1~3层),丰富的树木和植被。 | ![]() | 土壤或沙子覆盖的无特征景观。很少或没有树木或植物。 |
![]() | 高密度单层建筑(1~2层),少树木,地表覆盖多为硬土。 | ![]() | 大型、开放的水体区域,如海洋、湖泊、河流、水库等。 |
![]() | 低密度的大型低层建筑(1~3层),几乎没有树木,地表覆盖多为硬化地面。 | ||
![]() | 低密度的中小型建筑,丰富的植被。 | ||
![]() | 中低层重工业建筑(塔、罐、烟囱),少树木,地表覆盖多为硬化地面。 |
表3 SUHI等级划分标准Tab.3 Classification standards for surface urban heat island levels |
| 等级 | 划分标准 | 等级 | 划分标准 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 强冷岛 | SUHI<-5 | 弱热岛 | $1\le SUHI<3$ |
| 较强冷岛 | $-5\le SUHI<-3$ | 较强热岛 | $3\le SUHI<5$ |
| 弱冷岛 | $-3\le SUHI<-1$ | 强热岛 | $SUHI\ge 5$ |
| 中温区 | $-1\le SUHI<1 $ |
图3 不同时刻热岛强度空间分布Fig.3 Spatial distribution of urban heat island intensity at different times |
表4 不同时刻各等级热岛占比Tab.4 Proportion of each urban heat island level at different times (%) |
| 时间 | 强冷岛 | 较强 冷岛 | 弱冷岛 | 中温区 | 弱热岛 | 较强 热岛 | 强热岛 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0:54 | 0.06 | 0.47 | 16.20 | 44.76 | 35.37 | 3.10 | 0.04 |
| 4:11 | 0.01 | 0.47 | 21.82 | 45.60 | 27.86 | 4.17 | 0.08 |
| 8:00 | 0.01 | 2.37 | 13.76 | 32.50 | 38.20 | 10.70 | 2.46 |
| 9:30 | 0.01 | 2.66 | 14.42 | 28.78 | 30.76 | 16.52 | 6.85 |
| 10:14 | 0.00 | 0.67 | 16.87 | 26.48 | 22.03 | 14.79 | 19.14 |
| 18:19 | 0.01 | 0.86 | 13.42 | 32.26 | 26.95 | 20.60 | 5.90 |
| 21:43 | 0.29 | 3.44 | 14.50 | 34.31 | 28.79 | 17.61 | 1.06 |
表5 天津市中心城区温度空间自相关指数Tab.5 Spatial autocorrelation index of temperature in the central urban area of Tianjin City |
| 时刻 | I值 | Z值 | P值 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 00:54 | 0.96 | 464.24 | <0.01 |
| 04:11 | 0.66 | 345.88 | <0.01 |
| 08:00 | 0.73 | 442.06 | <0.01 |
| 09:30 | 0.76 | 583.45 | <0.01 |
| 10:14 | 0.69 | 792.32 | <0.01 |
| 18:19 | 0.64 | 458.76 | <0.01 |
| 21:43 | 0.90 | 548.91 | <0.01 |
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