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Exploring the spatiotemporal differentiation and driving factors of vegetation dynamics in the Loess Plateau using the optimal parameter-based geographical detector model
Received date: 2024-11-13
Revised date: 2025-05-14
Online published: 2026-06-03
The Loess Plateau is recognized as a typical climate-sensitive and ecologically vulnerable region in China. Understanding the spatiotemporal characteristics and potential driving factors of vegetation dynamics in different dry/wet climate zones within the Loess Plateau holds critical significance for the conservation and management of regional ecosystems. Based on the kernel normalized difference vegetation indices (kNDVIs) of the Loess Plateau from 2000 to 2022, this study investigated the spatiotemporal patterns of vegetation dynamics in different dry/wet climate zones within the Loess Plateau using the coefficient of variation and trend analysis. Employing the optimal parameter-based geographical detector model, this study accurately and scientifically identified the driving factors and ranges of vegetation dynamics under the spatial scale and zoning effect, effectively addressing the challenge of spatial heterogeneity. The results indicate that the average kNDVI of the Loess Plateau presented a spatial distribution pattern characterized by low values in the northwest and high values in the southeast. In terms of vegetation dynamics, 91.57% of the Loess Plateau showed an upward trend, with the semi-arid climate zone accounting for the highest proportion (60.41%). Different driving factors in the Loess Plateau corresponded to varying optimal dispersion methods and optimal interval breakpoints. Under the optimal zoning effect, low temperature and high rainfall were identified as the primary conditions for vegetation growth. The different ranges and types of driving factors exerted different effects on the spatial distribution of vegetation dynamics. The optimal parameter-based geographical detector model demonstrates that rainfall and land use type constituted the principal driving factors of the Loess Plateau, accounting for 65.45% of the total explanatory power. The q value (0.69) of the interaction between the two driving factors was higher than the q values of interactions between other factors. This study provides a comprehensive insight into the response mechanisms of vegetation dynamics under natural and human factors, thereby guiding the sustainable development of regional ecosystems.
SUN Yinsuo , FANG Xiao , ZHOU Dongmao , XUE Hongwen , SU Junwu . Exploring the spatiotemporal differentiation and driving factors of vegetation dynamics in the Loess Plateau using the optimal parameter-based geographical detector model[J]. Remote Sensing for Natural Resources, 2025 , 37(6) : 169 -181 . DOI: 10.6046/zrzyyg.2024372
表1 数据类型及来源Tab.1 Data types and sources |
| 数据介绍 | 英文名称与缩写 | 数据来源 |
|---|---|---|
| 30 m分辨率GDEMV2数据集 | Slope(SLO) | 地理空间数据云平台(http://www.gscloud.cn/) |
| Slope Aspect(SA) | ||
| Digital Elevation Model(DEM) | ||
| 1 km分辨率逐月地表太阳辐射均值 数据集 | Solar Radiation(SR) | 地理遥感生态网(www.gisrs.cn) |
| 1 km分辨率月平均气温 | Temperature(TEM) | 国家青藏高原数据中心(https://data.tpdc.ac.cn/) |
| 1 km分辨率年降水量 | Precipitation(PRE) | |
| 1 km分辨率国内生产总值格网 | Gross Domestic Product(GDP) | 资源环境科学数据平台(https://www.resdc.cn/) |
| DMSP/OLS夜间灯光数据集 | Nighttime Light(NTL) | |
| 30 m分辨率一级地类土地覆盖 | Land Use(LU) | 国家地球系统科学数据中心(https://www.geodata.cn/) |
kNDVI=tanh(NDVI2) 。
表2 黄土高原kNDVI的变异系数Tab.2 Coefficient of variation of kNDVI in the Loess Plateau |
| CVkNDVI | 波动程度 | 面积百分比/% |
|---|---|---|
| CVkNDVI <0.18 | 弱波动性 | 25.98 |
| 0.18 ≤ CVkNDVI <0.34 | 较弱波动性 | 36.78 |
| 0.34 ≤ CVkNDVI <0.51 | 中等波动性 | 28.93 |
| 0.51 ≤ CVkNDVI <1.00 | 较强波动性 | 8.12 |
| CVkNDVI ≥ 1.00 | 强波动性 | 0.19 |
图5 2000—2022年黄土高原kNDVI年际变化趋势空间分布Fig.5 Spatial pattern of kNDVI interannual change trend in the Loess Plateau from 2000 to 2022 |
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