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SBAS-InSAR-based long time-series deformation monitoring and landslide hazard identification in the Baihetan reservoir area
Received date: 2024-11-12
Revised date: 2025-06-05
Online published: 2026-06-03
The reservoir area of the Baihetan hydropower station (also referred to as the Baihetan reservoir area) suffers from frequent geologic hazards. However, there is a lack of monitoring studies on the central area and lower reaches of the hydropower station. Based on the ascending and descending synthetic aperture Radar (SAR) images from the Sentinel-1A satellite, this study performed deformation monitoring and landslide hazard identification in the Baishitan-Yezhutang section of the Baihetan reservoir area using the small baseline subset-interferometric synthetic aperture Radar (SBAS-InSAR) method supported by the generic atmospheric correction online service for InSAR (GACOS). Moreover, this study conducted cross-validation of deformation data from ascending and descending SAR images for low-slope zones. It investigated the spatial distribution of landslide hazards and the movement patterns of typical hazard sites in the study area. Finally, it examined the impacts of factors influencing geologic hazards on the distribution of these hazard sites. The results indicate that the deformation data from ascending and descending SAR images for low-slope zones can be used for cross-validation. Based on the deformation detection results from time-series InSAR and the optical images from Google Earth, 16 landslide hazards were identified, including 14 slow-moving landslides and two significant deformation hazards induced by human engineering activities. Integrating the data of ascending and descending SAR images validated the reliability of deformation results and also enhanced the effectiveness of landslide hazard identification. The analysis of the movement patterns at typical hazard sites indicates a correlation between deformation acceleration and seasonal rainfall. The statistical analysis of factors influencing geologic hazards in the study area reveals that the formation of hazard sites is driven by multiple factors, with varying dominant factors and degrees of influence across different hazards.
YU Bing , ZHANG Chunyu , WANG Jinri , LIU Guoxiang , DAI Keren , MA Deying . SBAS-InSAR-based long time-series deformation monitoring and landslide hazard identification in the Baihetan reservoir area[J]. Remote Sensing for Natural Resources, 2025 , 37(6) : 156 -168 . DOI: 10.6046/zrzyyg.2024370
图2 研究区地质图1-前震旦系; 2-泥盆系中统幺棚子组; 3-白垩系下统小坝组下段; 4-奥陶系下统红石崖组; 5-奥陶系中统大箐组; 6-奥陶系中统巧家组; 7-奥陶系上统; 8-二叠系下统梁山组; 9-二叠系下统栖霞-茅口组; 10-二叠系上统峨眉山玄武岩; 11-古元古界会理群通安组; 12-第四系残坡积层; 13-第四系冲洪积层; 14-志留系下统龙马溪组; 15志留系中统石门坎组; 16-志留系上统; 17-三叠系上统—侏罗系下统; 18-三叠系; 19-震旦系上统灯影组下段; 20-震旦系上统灯影组中段; 21-震旦系上统灯影组上段; 22-震旦系上统观音崖组; 23-震旦系上统列古六组; 24-寒武系下统; 25-寒武系中统西王庙组; 26-寒武系上统二道水组 Fig.2 Geological map of the study area |
表1 Sentinel-1A数据主要参数Tab.1 Main parameters of Sentinel-1A data |
| 卫星 | 轨道 | 波长/cm | 入射角/(°) | 影像获取时间 | 重访周期/d | 空间分辨率/m | 极化方式 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sentinel-1A | 升轨 | 5.6 | 44.0 | 2018-03-10—2022-10-25 | 12 | 5×20 | VV |
| Sentinel-1A | 降轨 | 5.6 | 39.4 | 2018-03-22—2022-10-27 | 12 | 5×20 | VV |
ϕGACOS,i,j(x,r)=ϕGACOS,j(x,r)-ϕGACOS,i(x,r)。
表2 隐患点详细信息Tab.2 Detailed information of potential hazards |
| 区域 | InSAR识别形变区编号 | 形变区名称 | LOS向最大形 变速率/(mm·a-1) | 地理位置 | 升/降轨 | 坡向 | 类型 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 区域Ⅰ | XB01 | 麻地坪 | -62.0 | 27°22'12″N,102°54'54″E | 升 | 东南 | 潜在滑坡 |
| XB02/XB07 | 废窝 | -112.1 | 27°21'11″N,102°53'55″E | 升、降 | 东 | 潜在滑坡 | |
| XB03/XB08 | 冯家坪村 | -83.9 | 27°19'47″N,102°53'51″E | 升、降 | 东 | 潜在滑坡 | |
| 区域Ⅱ | XB09 | 菜园子 | -41.3 | 27°10'26″N,102°55'33″E | 降 | 西南 | 潜在滑坡 |
| XB10 | 大寨村 | -44.9 | 27°13'23″N,102°55'23″E | 降 | 西南 | 潜在滑坡 | |
| XB11 | 帽子田 | -51.7 | 27°12'23″N,102°55'50″E | 降 | 西南 | 潜在滑坡 | |
| 区域Ⅲ | XB12 | 大花地 | -53.0 | 27°11'34″N,102°55'23″E | 降 | 西北 | 潜在滑坡 |
| XB13 | 塘拉者 | -49.0 | 27°11'05″N,102°56'05″E | 降 | 西北 | 潜在滑坡 | |
| XB06/XB14 | 付家岩脚 | -86.7 | 27°10'26″N,102°56'45″E | 升、降 | 东北 | 潜在滑坡 | |
| 区域Ⅳ | XB04/XB16 | 干田坝 | -121.4 | 27°08'49″N,102°51'40″E | 升、降 | 东 | 潜在滑坡 |
| XB05 | 立家粱子 | -90.6 | 27°07'47″N,102°52'17″E | 升 | 东 | 潜在滑坡 | |
| 区域Ⅴ | XB15 | 子油树 | -33.4 | 27°09'36″N,102°54'53″E | 降 | 西 | 潜在滑坡 |
| XB17 | 棉纱村 | -84.2 | 27°08'23″N,102°55'26″E | 降 | 西北 | 潜在滑坡 | |
| XB18 | 建设村 | -46.5 | 27°07'14″N,102°55'33″E | 降 | 西北 | 潜在滑坡 | |
| 区域Ⅵ | X1/X3 | 六城村 | -92.5 | 27°10'59″N,102°53'59″E | 升、降 | — | 地表沉降 |
| X2/X4 | 半坡 | -93.0 | 27°11'41″N,102°54'39″E | 升、降 | — | 地表沉降 |
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