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Exploring the ecological effects of land use changes in mining areas under different mining modes based on the Google Earth Engine
Received date: 2024-01-20
Revised date: 2024-10-12
Online published: 2026-06-03
To investigate the ecological and environment effects of land-use changes under different mining modes, this study utilized the Google Earth Engine (GEE) cloud computing platform to construct a remote sensing ecological index (RSEI) by integrating the greenness, heat, dryness, and wetness indicators. The RSEI was utilized to assess the ecological quality of two mining areas with different mining modes: the Guqiao Coal Mine in Huainan City (underground mining) and the Nanshan Iron Mine in Ma’anshan City (open-pit mining). Through a comparative analysis of relevant data from 2000 to 2020, this study analyzed the dynamic evolutionary patterns between land use changes and ecological quality in the two mining areas. The results indicate that cultivated land occupied the largest proportion in both mining areas. The underground mining area was characterized by a significantly expanded water area, whereas the open-pit mining area featured reduced cultivated and forest lands and increased construction land. Both mining areas exhibited overall good-to-fair ecological quality. Specifically, the RSEI values for the Guqiao Coal Mine were 0.60, 0.82, 0.71, 0.65, and 0.68, while those for the Nanshan Iron Mine were 0.58, 0.59, 0.59, 0.63, and 0.64. Among various land use types, construction land and water bodies displayed relatively poor ecological conditions, whereas forest and cultivated lands exhibited more favorable conditions. The underground mining area showed surface subsidence and the transition of cultivated land to water areas, leading to deteriorating ecological quality. In contrast, the open-pit mining area showed soil stripping, shrinking forest and cultivated lands, and construction land expansion, contributing significantly to the declining ecological quality.
LIN Xinyuan , CHENG Yangjian , XIE Wei , LI Chuanqing , NIE Wen . Exploring the ecological effects of land use changes in mining areas under different mining modes based on the Google Earth Engine[J]. Remote Sensing for Natural Resources, 2025 , 37(3) : 54 -64 . DOI: 10.6046/zrzyyg.2024038
表3 顾桥煤矿和南山铁矿特征变量重要性Tab.3 The importance of characteristic variables in Guqiao Coal Mine and Nanshan Iron Mine |
| 特征变量 | 顾桥煤矿 | 南山铁矿 | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000年 | 2005年 | 2010年 | 2015年 | 2020年 | 2000年 | 2005年 | 2010年 | 2015年 | 2020年 | |
| Bblue | 4.62 | 4.81 | 6.73 | 5.93 | 5.82 | 6.22 | 6.20 | 2.64 | 5.47 | 4.67 |
| Bgreen | 7.44 | 7.21 | 4.74 | 5.21 | 5.12 | 6.40 | 6.72 | 5.32 | 6.43 | 4.12 |
| Bred | 5.47 | 6.65 | 3.82 | 5.49 | 9.88 | 6.00 | 6.36 | 2.49 | 4.14 | 4.48 |
| BNIR | 4.80 | 9.20 | 8.55 | 14.68 | 14.25 | 2.65 | 2.36 | 5.33 | 3.52 | 3.88 |
| BSWIR1 | 3.12 | 4.09 | 7.05 | 5.40 | 10.18 | 3.54 | 1.79 | 2.37 | 2.78 | 5.43 |
| BSWIR2 | 8.46 | 10.61 | 8.70 | 7.49 | 11.46 | 8.05 | 1.46 | 5.14 | 5.39 | 5.32 |
| NDVI | 3.68 | 6.35 | 6.73 | 1.70 | 6.11 | 3.28 | 1.58 | 5.29 | 1.08 | 3.39 |
| NDBI | 6.01 | 6.46 | 8.21 | 5.37 | 8.69 | 5.58 | 5.46 | 5.34 | 6.44 | 4.86 |
| MNDWI | 6.32 | 3.62 | 8.20 | 6.56 | 7.67 | 2.88 | 6.99 | 2.46 | 2.32 | 5.19 |
| Slope | 1.45 | 5.09 | 1.69 | 0.52 | 4.80 | 2.01 | 1.97 | 3.23 | 6.33 | 3.03 |
| Elevation | 4.22 | 4.49 | 4.22 | 2.92 | 1.51 | 3.38 | 3.16 | 5.38 | 4.05 | 3.08 |
表4 顾桥煤矿各土地利用类型面积Tab.4 Area of each land use type in Guqiao Coal Mine(km2) |
| 年份 | 耕地 | 水域 | 建设用地 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2000年 | 114.54 | 7.82 | 25.24 |
| 2005年 | 100.22 | 11.22 | 36.16 |
| 2010年 | 95.50 | 15.65 | 36.46 |
| 2015年 | 83.69 | 18.89 | 45.02 |
| 2020年 | 89.15 | 21.70 | 36.75 |
表5 南山铁矿各土地利用类型面积Tab.5 Area of each land use type in Nanshan Iron Mine(km2) |
| 年份 | 耕地 | 林地 | 水域 | 建设用地 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000年 | 100.98 | 66.59 | 6.36 | 24.85 |
| 2005年 | 98.40 | 74.14 | 3.38 | 22.86 |
| 2010年 | 104.56 | 40.75 | 8.95 | 44.53 |
| 2015年 | 80.90 | 48.30 | 2.78 | 66.79 |
| 2020年 | 78.32 | 62.02 | 5.96 | 52.48 |
表6 顾桥煤矿和南山铁矿4个指标PC1载荷Tab.6 PC1 loadings for the four indicators in Guqiao Coal Mine and Nanshan Iron Mine |
| 指标 | 顾桥煤矿 | 南山铁矿 | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000年 | 2005年 | 2010年 | 2015年 | 2020年 | 2000年 | 2005年 | 2010年 | 2015年 | 2020年 | |
| NDVI | 0.585 | 0.654 | 0.790 | 0.647 | 0.672 | 0.501 | 0.733 | 0.783 | 0.704 | 0.712 |
| WET | 0.310 | 0.298 | 0.191 | 0.252 | 0.251 | 0.341 | -0.447 | 0.058 | 0.148 | 0.206 |
| LST | -0.123 | -0.227 | 0.034 | -0.060 | -0.203 | -0.406 | 0.058 | -0.416 | -0.087 | -0.252 |
| NDBSI | -0.739 | -0.657 | -0.581 | -0.718 | -0.667 | -0.684 | 0.508 | -0.459 | -0.689 | -0.622 |
| 特征值 | 0.049 | 0.037 | 0.056 | 0.029 | 0.031 | 0.048 | 0.007 | 0.042 | 0.026 | 0.048 |
| 贡献率/% | 70.95 | 77.89 | 74.18 | 71.22 | 76.94 | 75.98 | 79.60 | 82.70 | 77.81 | 85.07 |
表7 2000—2020年顾桥煤矿和南山铁矿RSEI趋势变化面积占比Tab.7 Area proportion of different RSEI trend in Guqiao Coal Mine and Nanshan Iron Mine from 2000 to 2020 |
| 趋势等级 | 顾桥煤矿 | 南山铁矿 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 面积/km2 | 占比/% | 面积/km2 | 占比/% | |
| 显著下降 | 5.46 | 3.7 | 22.67 | 10.9 |
| 下降 | 6.94 | 4.7 | 36.18 | 18.2 |
| 无明显变化 | 2.95 | 2.0 | 43.73 | 22.0 |
| 上升 | 120.59 | 81.7 | 76.33 | 38.4 |
| 显著上升 | 11.66 | 7.9 | 19.87 | 10.5 |
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