The management of soil salinization along the Yellow River section of Ulan Buh Desert is of great significance to guarantee the ecological security of the Yellow River Basin and realize high-quality development. Based on the traditional and geostatistical analysis methods， this paper analyzed the spatial differentiation characteristics of soil water and salinity， as well as the causes of soil salinization along the Yellow River section of Ulan Buh Desert based on the results of soil water and salinity surveys at 45 sampling sites along the Yellow River section of Ulan Buh Desert. The results showed that the soil water salt content along the Yellow River section of Ulan Buh Desert showed a trend of increasing gradually from west to east and from south to north， with non-saline soils accounting for 41.37% of the total area of the area， lightly， moderately， and severely saline soils accounting for 34.11%， 10.56%， and 8.74% of the total area of the area， respectively. Extremely saline soils appeared near Bayanmuren Sumu， which accounted for 5.22% of the total area of the area. Saline soils were dominated by sulfate saline soils （46.67%） and chloride saline soils （53.33%）. Soil texture had the most significant effects on soil salinity， followed by soil total carbon content and water content. Climatic drought， sparse precipitation， Yellow River diversion for irrigation and groundwater table elevation were the main reasons of soil salinization along the Yellow River section of the Ulaanbuhe Desert.