Stoichiometry of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in the litter and soil of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica in the Hulunbuir Sandy Land
Received date: 2024-01-10
Revised date: 2024-05-27
Online published: 2025-08-14
To reveal the characteristics of litter and soil C, N, and P stoichiometry and their main driving factors in the Hulunbuir Sandy Land. Different ages of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica plantation forests and natural forests (medium-mature, near-mature, and mature forests) were used as research subjects to analyze the characteristics of litter and soil C, N, and P stoichiometry and their correlation with soil factors was explored. (1) The degree of decomposition significantly affected litter C, N, P, and the C:N ratio (P<0.05) and the soil layer significantly affected soil N and C:N and C:P ratios (P<0.05); however, the stand age of the forest and its interactions with the degree of decomposition and soil layer did not have a significant effect on litter and soil C, N, and P stoichiometric characteristics (P>0.05). There were significant differences (P<0.05) between natural and plantation forests in litter and soil relating to C and N contents and C:P and N:P ratios. (2) Litter C content was significantly and positively correlated with litter N and P content (P<0.05), and the litter C:P ratio was significantly and positively correlated with the C:N ratio (P<0.05); the soil C:P ratio was significantly and positively correlated with the soil N:P and C:N ratios (P<0.05). (3) The C, N, and P stoichiometric characteristics of litter were mainly significantly affected by pH, phosphatase, and urease (P<0.05), and the soil C, N and P stoichiometric characteristics were mainly significantly affected by pH, phosphatase, and convertase (P<0.05). The growth of P. sylvestris var. mongolica forest in the Hulunbuir Sandy Land may be limited by nitrogen, whereas the decomposition of litter may be limited by phosphorus; the main drivers of litter and soil C, N, and P stoichiometric characteristics were pH and phosphatase, respectively. This improved information is of great significance for guiding the management of P. sylvestris var. mongolica forests.
DONG Peng , REN Yue , GAO Guanglei , DING Guodong , ZHANG Ying . Stoichiometry of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in the litter and soil of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica in the Hulunbuir Sandy Land[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2024 , 41(8) : 1354 -1363 . DOI: 10.13866/j.azr.2024.08.09
表1 样地基本情况Tab. 1 Basic characteristics of the sample areas |
| 样地 | 林龄/a | 胸径/cm | 树高/m | 林分密度/(株·hm-2) | 郁闭度 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 天然林(NF) | 10~60 | 23.69±3.87 | 10.12±0.73 | - | 0.83 |
| 中龄林(HBh) | 29 | 12.86±1.32 | 16.96±2.57 | 1650 | 0.77 |
| 近熟林(HBn) | 38 | 13.93±1.64 | 22.37±1.98 | 1650 | 0.86 |
| 成熟林(HBm) | 47 | 14.29±1.58 | 25.51±2.15 | 1650 | 0.76 |
注:NF表示天然林,HBh表示中龄林,HBn表示近熟林,HBm表示成熟林。数值为平均值±标准差。 |
表2 枯落物C、N、P化学计量特征方差分析Tab. 2 Variance analysis on the stoichiometric characteristics of litter C, N, and P |
| 半分解 | 分解 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| F | P | F | P | |||
| 枯落物 | C | 17.576 | 0.002 | 8.164 | 0.778 | |
| N | 10.85 | 0.024 | 7.397 | 0.171 | ||
| P | 8.096 | 0.068 | 8.556 | 0.026 | ||
| C:N | 6.243 | 0.243 | 9.463 | 0.067 | ||
| C:P | 17.983 | 0.072 | 17.349 | 0.001 | ||
| N:P | 6.997 | 0.521 | 8.008 | 0.088 | ||
注:P≤0.05表示天然林与人工林C、N、P化学计量特征之间存在显著差异。下同。 |
表3 土壤C、N、P化学计量特征方差分析Tab. 3 Variance analysis on the stoichiometric characteristics of soil C, N, and P |
| 0~20 cm | 20~40 cm | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| F | P | F | P | |||
| 土壤 | C | 17.972 | 0.029 | 6.52 | 0.004 | |
| N | 16.364 | 0.795 | 6.922 | 0.002 | ||
| P | 5.604 | 0.411 | 6.248 | 0.236 | ||
| C:N | 15.789 | 0.732 | 8.401 | 0.191 | ||
| C:P | 8.837 | 0.011 | 15.776 | <0.001 | ||
| N:P | 6.498 | 0.004 | 7.187 | 0.007 | ||
表4 樟子松人工林双因素方差分析Tab. 4 Two-way ANOVA analysis of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica plantations |
| F(P) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C | N | P | C:N | C:P | N:P | ||
| 枯落物 | 林龄 | 0.416(0.870) | 3.292(0.175) | 4.635(0.175) | 0.494(0.635) | 15.650(0.026) | 4.455(0.126) |
| 分解程度 | 166.630(<0.001) | 4. 221(0.016) | 5.959(0.01) | 7.272(0.001) | 1.367(0.277) | 1.231(0.320) | |
| 林龄×分解程度 | 1.67(0.193) | 0.28(0.839) | 0.09(0.966) | 0.375(0.772) | 0.17(0.916) | 0.40(0.752) | |
| 土壤 | 林龄 | 0.366(0.721) | 3.612(0.159) | 32.990(0.009) | 1.424(0.367) | 3.435(0.168) | 0.538(0.631) |
| 土层 | 2.720(0.067) | 25.138(<0.001) | 0. 188(0.903) | 41.503(<0.001) | 10.465(<0.001) | 1.629(0.209) | |
| 林龄×土层 | 4.89(0.007) | 3.20(0.037) | 0.344(0.794) | 0.7(0.559) | 1.83(0.162) | 1.63(0.202) | |
图4 土壤因子与枯落物、土壤C、N、P化学计量特征间的RDA分析注:SWC表示土壤含水量,NO3-表示硝酸盐,INV表示转化酶,PHO表示磷酸酶,PRO表示蛋白酶,AP表示速效磷,URE表示脲酶。箭头连线的长短表示土壤因子对枯落物、土壤C、N、P化学计量特征影响程度的强弱。连线越长,表明影响程度越强;不同颜色箭头连线之间的夹角表示土壤因子与枯落物、土壤C、N、P化学计量特征间相关性的大小。 Fig. 4 RDA analysis between soil factors and litter, soil C, N and P stoichiometric characteristics |
表5 枯落物、土壤C、N、P化学计量特征与土壤因子间的皮尔逊分析Tab. 5 Person analysis between the stoichiometric characteristics of litter, soil C, N and P and soil factors |
| 土壤因子 | C | N | P | C:N | C:P | N:P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 枯落物 | SWC | -0.163 | -0.24 | -0.3 | 0.027 | 0.202 | 0.206 |
| NO3- | -0.233 | 0.013 | -0.13 | -0.274 | 0.006 | 0.194 | |
| pH | -0.107 | -0.505** | -0.637** | 0.383* | 0.646** | 0.424** | |
| AP | -0.02 | -0.109 | 0.029 | 0.084 | -0.035 | -0.119 | |
| INV | 0.078 | 0.208 | 0.238 | -0.102 | -0.16 | -0.109 | |
| URE | 0.488** | 0.3 | 0.350* | 0.276 | 0.049 | -0.151 | |
| PHO | 0.639** | 0.515** | 0.362* | 0.256 | 0.138 | -0.033 | |
| PRO | 0.362* | 0.192 | 0.251 | 0.247 | 0.027 | -0.166 | |
| 土壤 | SWC | 0.187 | 0.395* | 0.211 | -0.098 | -0.166 | -0.155 |
| NO3- | -0.288 | -0.228 | 0.142 | 0.187 | -0.072 | -0.174 | |
| pH | 0.071 | -0.13 | -0.163 | 0.447** | 0.259 | -0.221 | |
| AP | 0.042 | -0.083 | -0.274 | 0.085 | 0.187 | 0.048 | |
| INV | -0.213 | -0.352* | -0.116 | 0.097 | 0.176 | 0.246 | |
| URE | 0.132 | 0.212 | -0.083 | 0.152 | 0.284 | 0.435** | |
| PHO | 0.273 | 0.446** | 0.073 | 0.111 | 0.352* | 0.527** | |
| PRO | 0.068 | 0.350* | 0.014 | 0.165 | 0.087 | 0.342* |
注:SWC表示土壤含水量,NO3-表示硝酸盐,INV表示转化酶,PHO表示磷酸酶,PRO表示蛋白酶,AP表示速效磷,URE表示脲酶。*表示0.05级别上土壤因子与C、N、P化学计量特征相关性显著;**表示在0.01级别上土壤因子与C、N、P化学计量特征相关性极显著。 |
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