Aircraft observation of the cloud microphysical characteristics of stratocumulus precipitation in the Qilian Mountains
Received date: 2024-07-03
Revised date: 2024-09-18
Online published: 2025-08-13
The microphysical characteristics of a stratiform precipitation cloud in the central Qilian Mountains on August 27, 2022, were analyzed through aircraft measurements. The results revealed significant differences in the cloud microphysical characteristics with different altitudes and regions. The supercooled liquid water content decreased as the altitude increased. In the -6 ℃ to -3 ℃ layer, the mean supercooled liquid water content was about 0.05 g·m-3, while in the higher layer of -15 ℃ to -12 ℃, the supercooled liquid water content was only 0.015 g·m-3, less than one-third of the lower layer. The riming process is essential in the growth of particles at all altitudes, with the mean diameter of the particles in the cloud reaching several hundred micrometers. Combining riming and aggregation processes can result in a particle spectrum width of over 6 mm. The mean diameter of the particles in the -6 ℃ to -3 ℃ layer was smaller than that in the upper layer, which may be caused by the evaporation and fragmentation of large particles while falling. On the mountain’s southwestern side, the low-level southerly wind with moisture lifted by the topography resulted in condensation and the production of numerous cloud droplets. The small particle concentration on the mountain’s southwestern side is one order of magnitude higher than that on the northeastern side, and the supercooled liquid water content is also higher. On the mountain’s southwestern side, the cloud particles are mainly supercooled cloud droplets and graupel particles; the aggregation process is not obvious, and the particle concentration is high. On the northeastern side, aggregated ice particles and graupels dominate, and the low concentration of small particles leads to a larger mean size of cloud particles.
FU Shuangxi , QI Peng , CHANG Yi , BA Li , CHEN Qi . Aircraft observation of the cloud microphysical characteristics of stratocumulus precipitation in the Qilian Mountains[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2025 , 42(2) : 212 -222 . DOI: 10.13866/j.azr.2025.02.03
表1 主要机载探测设备及参数Tab. 1 Main airborne detection equipment and parameters |
| 设备名称 | 探测范围 | 分辨率 |
|---|---|---|
| 云和气溶胶粒子谱仪(CAS) | 0.54~50 μm | 0.7~5 μm |
| 云粒子成像仪(CIP) | 25~1550 μm | 25 μm |
| 降水粒子成像仪(PIP) | 100~6200 μm | 100 μm |
| 热线含水量仪(Hotwire_LWC) | 0~3 g·m-3 | - |
| 飞机综合气象要素测量系统(AIMMS20) | 温度、海拔、空气流速、经纬度等 |
图8 山脉东北侧(a、c、d)与西南侧(b、e)在-15~-12 ℃层(a、b)、-9~-6 ℃层(c)、-6~-3 ℃层(d、e)平均粒子谱分布Fig. 8 Mean particle spectrums on the northeastern (a, c, d) and southwestern (b, e) sides of the mountains at -15~-12 ℃ (a, b), -9 ~-6 ℃ (c) and -6~-3 ℃ (d, e) layer |
表2 山脉两侧不同温度层平均液态水含量与粒子平均直径Tab. 2 Mean liquid water content and mean particle diameters at different temperature layers on the northeastern and southwestern sides of the mountains |
| LWC/(g·m-3) | D_CIP/μm | D_PIP/μm | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 东北 | 西南 | 东北 | 西南 | 东北 | 西南 | |||
| -15~-12 ℃ | 0.015 | 0.014 | 418.35 | 396.04 | 478.85 | 525.54 | ||
| -9~-6 ℃ | 0.028 | - | 386.33 | - | 721.21 | - | ||
| -6~-3 ℃ | 0.043 | 0.056 | 363.37 | 187.46 | 598.08 | 418.18 | ||
表3 山脉两侧不同温度层粒子平均浓度Tab. 3 Mean particle concentrations at different temperature layers on the northeastern and southwestern sides of the mountains |
| N_CAS/L-1 | N_CIP/L-1 | N_PIP/L-1 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 东北 | 西南 | 东北 | 西南 | 东北 | 西南 | |||
| -15~-12 ℃ | 1094.66 | 1306.31 | 5.36 | 127.74 | 1.00 | 30.00 | ||
| -9~-6 ℃ | 6567.96 | - | 10.83 | - | 0.60 | - | ||
| -6~-3 ℃ | 3100.97 | 25828.10 | 2.97 | 6.19 | 0.44 | 0.25 | ||
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