Division index of early or late and length grade in climate seasons in Xizang
Received date: 2024-06-03
Revised date: 2024-08-09
Online published: 2025-08-13
To better understand the response mechanisms of seasonal changes in high-altitude areas to ecological and environmental factors amid global climate change, it is crucial to study the indicators of seasonal early or late and length grade duration classification in Xizang. In this study, we analyzed daily temperature data from 38 meteorological stations in Xizang (1981-2023) using temperature thresholds of 6 ℃, 17 ℃, 17 ℃ and 6 ℃ for four seasons, to explore the classification indices and evolution laws of seasonal early or late and length grade. The results revealed the following: (1) The average start dates for spring, summer, autumn, and winter at the 38 stations were April 21, June 17, July 17, and October 17, with average lengths of 56 d, 29 d, 92 d, and 188 d, respectively. (2) The start and end times, as well as the lengths of the climatic seasons, exhibit characteristics of minimum standard deviation in winter and maximum standard deviation in summer. (3) The start dates, end dates, and length of the climatic seasons, as well as the start and end times and length of the four seasons, showed the following patterns: Normal>slightly early (late) and early (late)>significantly early (late) and abnormally early (late). A indicator is more in line with the threshold of the classification indicators of early or late and length grade. (4) In Xizang, the onset of spring and summer trends was earlier, while autumn and winter had late trends. (5) The start date of spring, the end date of winter, and the length of summer across the 38 stations were primarily classified as normal, whereas the start dates of summer, autumn, and winter, along with the end dates of spring and autumn, were mainly categorized as early. Conversely, the lengths of spring and autumn were mainly classified as short, while winter was predominantly classified as long, and the end date of summer was primarily considered late. These findings provide valuable insights into climate resource management, ecological protection, and the overall impact on human production and life.
SHI Jiqing , LUO Suxuan , ZHANG Weihua , ZHOU Kanshe , HU Jie , ZHANG Dongdong , GAN Chenlong . Division index of early or late and length grade in climate seasons in Xizang[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2024 , 41(11) : 1797 -1807 . DOI: 10.13866/j.azr.2024.11.01
表1 气候季节等级划分指标Tab. 1 Index for classification of climate season grade |
| 气候季节等级 | 开始日期 | 结束日期 | 时间长度 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 划分指标A | 异常偏早(短) | ΔD<-3α | ΔT<-3β | ΔL<-3δ |
| 显著偏早(短) | -3α≤ΔD<-2α | -β3≤ΔT<-2β | -3δ≤ΔL<-2δ | |
| 偏早(短) | -2α≤ΔD<-α | -2β≤ΔT<-β | -2δ≤ΔL<-δ | |
| 略偏早(短) | -α≤ΔD<-1/2α | -β≤ΔT<-1/2β | -δ≤ΔL<-1/2δ | |
| 正常 | -1/2α≤ΔD<1/2α | -1/2β≤ΔT<1/2β | -1/2δ≤ΔL<1/2δ | |
| 略偏晚(长) | 1/2α≤ΔD<α | 1/2β≤ΔT<β | 1/2δ≤ΔL<δ | |
| 偏晚(长) | α≤ΔD<2α | β≤ΔT<2β | δ≤ΔL<2δ | |
| 显著偏晚(长) | 2α≤ΔD≤3α | 2β≤ΔT≤3β | 2δ≤ΔL≤3δ | |
| 异常偏晚(长) | ΔD>3α | ΔT>3β | ΔL>3δ | |
| 划分指标B | 异常偏早(短) | ΔD<-2α | ΔT<-2β | ΔL<-2δ |
| 显著偏早(短) | -2α≤ΔD<-3/2α | -2β≤ΔT<-3/2β | -2δ≤ΔL<-3/2δ | |
| 偏早(短) | -3/2α≤ΔD<-α | -3/2β≤ΔT<-β | -3/2δ≤ΔL<-δ | |
| 略偏早(短) | -α≤ΔD<-1/2α | -β≤ΔT<-1/2β | -δ≤ΔL<-1/2δ | |
| 正常 | -1/2α≤ΔD<1/2α | -1/2β≤ΔT<1/2β | -1/2δ≤ΔL<1/2δ | |
| 略偏晚(长) | 1/2α≤ΔD<α | 1/2β≤ΔT<β | 1/2δ≤ΔL<δ | |
| 偏晚(长) | α≤ΔD<3/2α | β≤ΔT<3/2β | δ≤ΔL<3/2δ | |
| 显著偏晚(长) | 3/2α≤ΔD≤2α | 3/2β≤ΔT≤2β | 3/2δ≤ΔL≤2δ | |
| 异常偏晚(长) | ΔD>2α | ΔT>2β | ΔL>2δ |
图2 西藏地区38站常年气候季节开始日期、结束日期、时间长度分布注:开始日期、结束日期均为日序列。下同。 Fig. 2 Distribution of the start date, end date and duration of the perennial climate season at 38 stations in Xizang |
表2 38站气候季节平均早晚和长短频率Tab. 2 Frequency of average early or late and length grade of climatic seasons at 38 stations |
| 季节 | “等级5”频率/% | “等级7”频率/% | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A指标 | B指标 | A指标 | B指标 | ||||||||||||
| 开始日期 | 结束日期 | 时间长度 | 开始日期 | 结束日期 | 时间长度 | 开始日期 | 结束日期 | 时间长度 | 开始日期 | 结束日期 | 时间长度 | ||||
| 春季 | 93 | 92 | 90 | 84 | 81 | 79 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 93 | 92 | 90 | |||
| 夏季 | 84 | 74 | 87 | 76 | 68 | 79 | 87 | 87 | 97 | 84 | 74 | 87 | |||
| 秋季 | 89 | 90 | 89 | 79 | 81 | 78 | 98 | 97 | 98 | 89 | 90 | 89 | |||
| 冬季 | 91 | 94 | 90 | 82 | 84 | 79 | 97 | 99 | 97 | 91 | 94 | 90 | |||
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