Carbon density distribution pattern and its factors of the artificial forest vegetation in opencast coal mine
Received date: 2023-12-11
Revised date: 2024-03-29
Online published: 2025-08-12
This study aimed to quantitatively analyze the distribution patterns of carbon density and its factors of artificial forest vegetation in opencast coal mines and provide a basis for improving the forest carbon (C) sink service function using available data. It selected Pinus tabulaeformis, Populus microphylla, Populus canadensis, Robinia pseudoacacia, Ulmus pumila, and mixed R. pseudoacacia-U. pumila plantations in the waste dump of the Antaibao mining area as the research objects. The biomass carbon density and spatial distribution pattern of each plantation were measured based on the field investigation data and by employing allometric approaches. The carbon density of the P. canadensis plantation was 36.95 t∙hm-2, significantly higher than others (P<0.05). The carbon density was markedly higher in the thickly planted P. tabulaeformis forest than in the sparsely planted one (P<0.05). The overall carbon density of each component in the artificial forest was as follows: tree layer>litter layer>herbaceous and shrub layers (P<0.05). The tree layer accounted for 78.3%-93.6% of the vegetation carbon density, indicating it has the highest carbon density in the artificial forest vegetation. The carbon density in the trunk of the tree layer was remarkably greater than that of the roots, branches, and leaves (P<0.05). The carbon density in the trunk of P. canadensis plantation was conspicuously higher than that of R. pseudoacacia and R. pseudoacacia-U. pumila. Similarly, the carbon density was significantly higher in the trunk of the sparsely planted P. tabulaeformis forest than in the densely planted forest. The carbon density of the tree and litter layers demonstrated a remarkable positive correlation with the stand density of artificial forests and negatively with the height and coverage of herbs. Additionally, the carbon density of the tree layer was markedly positively correlated with the tree height (P<0.05). From the perspective of carbon sequestration function, a reasonable and dense planting of P. tabulaeformis and P. canadensis in the Antaibao coal mine waste dump is beneficial for the ecological restoration of the area, thus achieving sustainable development of the ecology and environmental security.
Key words: carbon density; biomass; plantation; vegetation restoration; Antaibao mine
ZHANG Jianhua , ZHOU Xiaoyang , GUO Xuting , DU Xinxin , AN Li , QIN Hao , LIU Yong , ZHANG Hong , XU Longchao . Carbon density distribution pattern and its factors of the artificial forest vegetation in opencast coal mine[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2024 , 41(6) : 974 -983 . DOI: 10.13866/j.azr.2024.06.07
表1 林分基本特征Tab. 1 Basic characteristics of the stands |
| 林型 | 采样点 | 纬度(N) | 经度(E) | 海拔/m | 林分密度/(株·hm-2) | 林龄/a | 胸径/cm | 树高/m |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 小叶杨林PM | 西排 | 39°29′26.15″ | 112°18′55.30″ | 1469.00 | 2.13×103 | 20 | 10.90 | 5.50 |
| 榆树林UP | 西排 | 39°29′28.64″ | 112°18′44.41″ | 1474.00 | 1.03×103 | 20 | 12.90 | 5.50 |
| 油松林SPT | 西排 | 39°29′29.80″ | 112°18′46.49″ | 1471.00 | 1.47×103 | 20 | 10.70 | 4.70 |
| 刺槐林RP | 西排 | 39°29′33.35″ | 112°18′44.08″ | 1474.00 | 2.03×103 | 20 | 9.80 | 4.80 |
| 刺槐-榆树混交林RP-UP | 南排 | 39°27′41.45″ | 112°20′04.13″ | 1391.00 | 3.40×103 | 30 | 7.20 | 4.60 |
| 油松林DPT | 南排 | 39°27′41.54″ | 112°20′05.26″ | 1384.00 | 3.43×103 | 30 | 8.80 | 5.60 |
| 加拿大杨PC | 南排 | 39°27′59.82″ | 112°19′39.85″ | 1348.00 | 3.23×103 | 30 | 7.20 | 5.90 |
注:SPT为密植油松林;DPT为疏植油松林;RP为刺槐林;UP为榆树林;RP-UP为刺槐-榆树混交林;PM为小叶杨;PC为加拿大杨。下同。 |
表2 乔木生物量相对生长方程Tab. 2 Relative growth equation of tree biomass |
| 树种 | 器官 | 回归方程 | 回归系数(R2) | 备注 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 刺槐RP | 根 | Y=0.1145 (D2H)0.6328 [29] | - | 胸径范围:2.7~20.6 cm 树高范围:2.2~7.0 m |
| 枝 | Y=0.02425(D2H)0.7908 [29] | - | ||
| 叶 | Y=0.0545(D2H)0.4574 [29] | - | ||
| 干 | Y=0.05527(D2H)0.8576 [29] | - | ||
| 油松PT | 根 | Y=0.340D0.839e0.082D[29] | 0.947 | 胸径范围:3.4~20.6 cm 树高范围:2.7~9.0 m |
| 枝 | Y=0.483D0.870e0.060D[29] | 0.944 | ||
| 叶 | Y=0.320D0.810e0.058D[29] | 0.959 | ||
| 干 | Y=1.373D0.465e0.113D[29] | 0.978 | ||
| 总 | Y=2.905D0.549e0.097D[29] | 0.971 | ||
| 榆树UP | 根 | Y=0.0146D2.893[30] | - | 胸径范围:4.7~20.7 cm 树高范围:2.5~9.0 m |
| 枝 | Y=0.0303D2.3445[30] | - | ||
| 叶 | Y=0.033D1.7241[30] | - | ||
| 干 | Y=0.0146D2.5837[30] | - | ||
| 小叶杨PM | 根 | Y=10.5723+0.0044(D2H)[31] | 0.6691 | 胸径范围:3.8~18.3 cm 树高范围:3.0~7.5 m |
| 枝 | Y=12.5405+0.0091(D2H)[31] | 0.5595 | ||
| 叶 | Y=6.5542+0.0014(D2H)[31] | 0.1971 | ||
| 干 | Y=0.4644(D2H)0.6455[31] | 0.7517 | ||
| 总 | Y=1.9729(D2H)0.5608[31] | 0.8064 | ||
| 加拿大杨PC | 根 | Y=10-0.8268(D2H)0.5798[32] | - | 胸径范围:2.2~10.8 cm 树高范围:2.5~10.0 m |
| 枝 | Y=10-0.7804(D2H)0.5321[32] | - | ||
| 叶 | Y=10-0.4701(D2H)0.3778[32] | - | ||
| 干 | Y=10-0.7143(D2H)0.6811[32] | - |
注:D为胸径;H为株高;D2H为基径平方与树高乘积。 |
表3 安太堡煤矿复垦区人工林碳密度及其分配比例Tab. 3 Carbon density and distribution proportion of plantations in Antaibao coal mine reclamation area |
| 组分 | 项目 | SPT | DPT | RP | UP | RP-UP | PM | PC |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 乔木层 | 碳密度/(t·hm-2) | 18.24±1.56c | 30.08±3.27ab | 19.23±1.35c | 20.93±1.50bc | 21.61±3.19bc | 18.09±4.12c | 33.84±4.09a |
| 比例/% | 80.54 | 93.60 | 84.40 | 80.80 | 83.32 | 78.34 | 91.59 | |
| 灌木层 | 碳密度/(t·hm-2) | 0.03±0.01b | 0.06±0.03b | 0.13±0.002a | 0.001±0.001b | 0.13±0.04a | 0.01±0.01b | - |
| 比例/% | 0.12 | 0.01 | 0.06 | 0.56 | 0.51 | 0.15 | - | |
| 草本层 | 碳密度/(t·hm-2) | 0.09±0.02de | 0.03±0.003e | 0.29±0.01a | 0.23±0.02ab | 0.15±0.02cd | 0.18±0.03bc | 0.11±0.04cde |
| 比例/% | 0.39 | 1.04 | 0.82 | 1.23 | 0.57 | 0.09 | 0.29 | |
| 凋落物层 | 碳密度/(t·hm-2) | 4.29±0.11b | 8.22±0.16a | 4.14±0.33b | 1.20±0.14d | 4.05±0.24b | 3.15±0.20c | 3.00±0.03c |
| 比例/% | 18.95 | 5.36 | 14.71 | 17.41 | 15.60 | 21.42 | 8.13 | |
| 总计 | 碳密度/(t·hm-2) | 22.65±1.60b | 38.39±3.43a | 23.80±1.64b | 22.36±1.61b | 25.94±3.14b | 21.43±3.96b | 36.95±4.05a |
| 比例/% | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
注:同行不同小写字母表示群落类型间LSD检验显著性差异分组(α=0.05)。 |
图1 乔木层各器官碳密度分配格局注:SPT为疏植油松林;DPT为密植油松林;RP为刺槐林;UP为榆树林;RP-UP为刺槐-榆树混交林;PM为小叶杨;PC为加拿大杨。下同。 Fig. 1 Carbon density proportion of overstory components |
图4 人工林各组分碳密度与不同林分因子的相关关系注:CDT为乔木层碳密度;CDS为灌木层碳密度;CDH为草本层碳密度;CDL为凋落物层碳密度;HT为乔木高度;TD为林分密度;R/S为根冠比;HS为灌木高度;HH为草本高度;HC为草本盖度。下同。*、**、***分别代表在0.05、0.01和0.001水平上显著相关。 Fig. 4 Relationships between carbon density and different forest factors in artificial forests |
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