Ecosystem services trade-offs and synergies drived by landuse changes in Ningxia
Received date: 2023-12-04
Revised date: 2024-02-28
Online published: 2025-08-12
Ningxia is an important region in Northwest China. Thus, it is imperative to study land use change and its impact on ecosystem services to improve the ecological environment of Ningxia and put forward environmental protection measures for the future. However, previous studies have primarily focused on the changes in the ecosystem services during historical periods but lacked a prediction of the ecosystem services and their trade-offs and synergistic relationships under future scenarios. Therefore, this study simulated the land use status under three future scenarios, quantified the four ecosystem services of carbon storage, soil conservation, water yield, and grain yield under the different land use types, and ascertained their trade-offs and synergies at various spatial scales. The main conclusions are as follows: in the future, the water yield of the three scenarios was lower than that of the current year, and the soil conservation and carbon storage were the largest in the ecological protection scenario, reaching 7.98×107 and 4.72×107 tons, respectively. In contrast, the grain yield was the largest in the farmland protection scenario, reaching 1.52×107 tons. The trade-off relationship between ecosystem services mainly occurred between the regulating and supplying services and the synergy relationship between the regulating services. At the provincial scale, only carbon storage and soil conservation services demonstrated a high synergistic relationship; at the regional and county scales, the synergy between water yield and carbon storage services was also remarkable.
Key words: landuse; ecosystem services; trade-offs and synergy; spatial scales; Ningxia
DONG Pengbei , REN Zongping , LI Peng , WANG Kaibo , HE Guokai , WANG Pu . Ecosystem services trade-offs and synergies drived by landuse changes in Ningxia[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2024 , 41(6) : 1032 -1044 . DOI: 10.13866/j.azr.2024.06.12
表1 宁夏碳密度Tab. 1 Carbon density in Ningxia /(t·hm-2) |
| 土地利用 类型 | 地上生物量碳密度 | 根系生物量碳密度 | 土壤碳库 | 死亡 有机物碳 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 耕地 | 0.8 | 11.7 | 88.0 | 0.0 |
| 林地 | 6.1 | 16.8 | 158.8 | 0.0 |
| 草地 | 5.1 | 12.5 | 81.1 | 0.0 |
| 水域 | 0.4 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| 建设用地 | 0.4 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| 未利用地 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 21.6 | 0.0 |
表2 数据来源Tab. 2 Data sources |
| 数据类型 | 年份 | 分辨率 | 数据来源 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 气象数据 | 2020年 | 1 km | 中国地面气候资料日值数据集(V3.0) |
| 地形数据 | - | 30 m | 地理空间数据云(https://www.gscloud.cn/) |
| 植被数据 | 2020年 | 1 km | 中国科学院资源与环境数据中心(https://www.resdc.cn) |
| 土壤数据 | - | 1 km | 中国科学院资源与环境数据中心(https://www.resdc.cn) |
| 土地利用数据 | 2020年 | 30 m | 中国科学院资源与环境数据中心(https://www.resdc.cn) |
| 社会经济数据 | 2020年 | - | 宁夏统计年鉴 |
| 基础国情数据 | - | - | 中国科学院资源与环境数据中心(https://www.resdc.cn) |
表3 宁夏地区土地利用类型面积Tab. 3 Area of landuse types in Ningxia |
| 土地利用类型 | 现状 | 自然情景 | 耕地保护情景 | 生态保护情景 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 面积/104 km2 | 占比/% | 面积/104 km2 | 占比/% | 面积/104 km2 | 占比/% | 面积/104 km2 | 占比/% | ||||
| 耕地 | 1.8 | 34.6 | 1.8 | 34.6 | 1.8 | 35.0 | 1.8 | 33.8 | |||
| 林地 | 0.3 | 5.3 | 0.3 | 5.3 | 0.3 | 5.1 | 0.3 | 5.7 | |||
| 草地 | 2.3 | 44.4 | 2.3 | 44.2 | 2.3 | 44.1 | 2.3 | 45.1 | |||
| 水域 | 0.1 | 2.0 | 0.1 | 1.9 | 0.1 | 1.9 | 0.1 | 1.9 | |||
| 建设用地 | 0.2 | 4.2 | 0.2 | 4.6 | 0.2 | 4.4 | 0.2 | 4.2 | |||
| 未利用地 | 0.5 | 9.5 | 0.5 | 9.4 | 0.5 | 9.4 | 0.5 | 9.3 | |||
表4 不同分区的基础信息Tab. 4 Basic information for different regions |
| 分区 | 平均海拔高度/m | 平均气温/℃ | 包含县区 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 北部黄灌区 | 1269.61 | 9.49 | 青铜峡市、永宁县、贺兰县、利通区、西夏区、惠农区、灵武市、兴庆区、金凤区、大武口区、平罗县 |
| 中部风沙区 | 1581.14 | 9.08 | 沙坡头区、同心县、红寺堡区、盐池县、海原县、中宁县 |
| 南部丘陵区 | 1898.65 | 7.21 | 隆德县、彭阳县、原州区、西吉县、泾源县 |
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