The physicochemical and strength characteristics of root-soil composite system in the Xiazangtan super large scale landslide area of the upper Yellow River
Received date: 2023-10-26
Revised date: 2024-02-04
Online published: 2024-06-20
For this study of the physical and chemical properties and mechanical characteristics of soil in the distribution area of Xiazangtan super large scale landslide of the upper Yellow River, plants and soil samples at different positions of the landslide were collected, and the plant growth index, soil density, water content, root content, shear strength index, and nutrient element content were measured. Spearman’s correlation analysis was used to explore the vegetation types, physical and chemical properties of soil, and the shear strength characteristics of the root-soil composite system in different positions of the landslide. The number of plant species tended to increase as the altitude decreased, and the dominant herbaceous herbs were Stipa aliena, Oxytropis ochrocephala, and Artemisia desertorum. The pH of the soil in the distribution area of the landslide was neutral to alkaline. The contents of organic matter, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus change greatly at the trailing edge of the landslide, whereas the contents of total potassium, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen, and four other nutrients change greatly but do not show obvious variation. The water content of soil first increases and then decreases with the decrease in altitude, while the density of soil increases as the altitude decreases, increasing by 7.05% and 5.88%, respectively. The cohesion c value and root content of the root-soil composite system first increased and then decreased as the altitude decreased. In addition, Spearman correlation analysis showed that the cohesion c value of the root-soil composite system was negatively correlated with altitude, but positively correlated with root content, organic matter, and water content. The results of this study have practical significance for guiding the prevention and control of geological disasters such as soil erosion, and shallow landslide in the upper reaches of the Yellow River, from Longyang Gorge to Jishi Gorge.
FAN Qiuxuan , YANG Fucheng , FU Jiangtao , LIU Changyi , HU Xiasong , XING Guangyan , ZHAO Jimei , ZHANG Peihao . The physicochemical and strength characteristics of root-soil composite system in the Xiazangtan super large scale landslide area of the upper Yellow River[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2024 , 41(5) : 797 -811 . DOI: 10.13866/j.azr.2024.05.08
图2 研究区实测滑坡地形剖面及其分布区域不同取样点位置示意图Fig. 2 Topographic profile of measured landslides in the study area and the location of different sampling points in its distribution area |
表1 研究区滑坡体坡面不同位置处取样点位置设置结果Tab. 1 Results of sampling point location setting at different locations of landslide slopes in the study area |
| 取样点位置 | 取样点编号 | 海拔/m | 距坡顶水平距离/m |
|---|---|---|---|
| 滑坡体后壁顶部 | ① | 2801 | 0 |
| 滑坡体后缘 | ② | 2645 | 266 |
| ③ | 2612 | 420 | |
| ④ | 2545 | 635 | |
| ⑤ | 2543 | 665 | |
| ⑥ | 2480 | 990 | |
| 滑坡体中部 | ⑦ | 2363 | 1894 |
| ⑧ | 2312 | 2385 | |
| ⑨ | 2310 | 2551 | |
| ⑩ | 2261 | 3368 | |
| ⑪ | 2285 | 4106 |
表2 研究区土体营养元素测定指标及其测试方法Tab. 2 The determination index and test method of soil nutrient elements in the study area |
| 测试项目 | 测试方法 |
|---|---|
| 全氮 | 凯氏定氮法 |
| 全磷 | 酸溶-钼锑抗比色法 |
| 全钾 | 氢氟酸高氯酸消煮法 |
| 碱解氮 | 碱解-扩散法 |
| 速效磷 | 碳酸氢钠浸提-钼锑抗比色法 |
| 速效钾 | 乙酸铵浸提-火焰光度法 |
| 有机质 | 高温外加热重铬酸钾氧化容量法 |
| pH值 | 电位法 |
表3 研究区实测滑坡地形线不同位置取样点样方调查结果Tab. 3 Findings of the sample square survey of sampling points at different locations of the measured landslide topographic line in the study area |
| 取样点位置 | 取样点位置编号 | 优势植物类型组合 | 平均株高/cm | 平均地径/mm |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 滑坡体后壁顶部 | ① | 黄花棘豆+异针茅组合 | 3.85±1.83 | 1.65±0.70 |
| 滑坡体后缘 | ② | 异针茅+多裂委陵菜+黄花棘豆组合 | 4.68±1.81 | 1.38±0.23 |
| ③ | 蒲公英+芨芨草+异针茅+赖草组合 | |||
| ④ | 珠芽蓼+芨芨草+天蓝苜蓿+异针茅+沙蒿组合 | |||
| ⑤ | 糙喙苔草+异针茅+披针叶黄华+赖草+栉叶蒿+沙蒿+黄花棘豆+冷 地早熟禾+星毛委陵菜组合 | |||
| ⑥ | 沙蒿+无茎黄鹌菜+异针茅+糙喙苔草+黄花棘豆+冷地早熟禾组合 | |||
| 滑坡体中部 | ⑦ | 二裂委陵菜+异针茅+沙蒿+赖草组合 | 5.56±2.51 | 2.09±0.94 |
| ⑧ | 沙蒿+异针茅+冷地早熟禾组合 | |||
| ⑨ | 多裂委陵菜+冷地早熟禾+异针茅组合 | |||
| ⑩ | 冷地早熟禾+异针茅组合 | |||
| ⑪ | 冷地早熟禾+达乌里胡枝子+异针茅+黄花棘豆+多裂委陵菜组合 |
注:表中平均株高、平均地径所统计的植物样本数量为30株。 |
表4 研究区滑坡体分布区土体营养元素平均含量测试结果Tab. 4 Statistical results of testing the average content of nutrient elements in regional soils of landslides in the study area |
| 取样点位置 | pH | 有机质 /(g·kg-1) | 全氮 /(g·kg-1) | 全磷 /(g·kg-1) | 全钾 /(g·kg-1) | 碱解氮 /(mg·kg-1) | 速效磷 /(mg·kg-1) | 速效钾 /(mg·kg-1) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 滑坡体后壁顶部 | 8.41 | 14.63 | 1.14 | 1.14 | 20.61 | 65.00 | 3.20 | 279.00 |
| 滑坡体后缘 | 7.99 | 39.11 | 2.65 | 1.73 | 24.29 | 162.00 | 5.42 | 192.40 |
| 滑坡体中部 | 8.25 | 17.95 | 1.37 | 1.58 | 21.74 | 75.60 | 3.50 | 137.00 |
表5 研究区滑坡体不同位置土体颗粒分析试验结果Tab. 5 The results of soil particle analysis test at different positions of landslide in the study area |
| 取样点位置编号 | 土粒组成/% | d10/mm | d30/mm | d60/mm | Cu | Cc | 土体类型 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.25~0.075 mm | 0.075~0.005 mm | <0.005 mm | |||||||
| ① | 14.0 | 83.4 | 2.6 | 0.012 | 0.030 | 0.045 | 3.75 | 1.67 | 粉土 |
| ④ | 21.3 | 76.1 | 2.6 | 0.009 | 0.024 | 0.041 | 4.56 | 1.56 | 粉土 |
| ⑦ | 28.4 | 65.7 | 5.9 | 0.006 | 0.022 | 0.045 | 7.50 | 1.79 | 粉土 |
| ⑩ | 34.5 | 62.9 | 2.6 | 0.011 | 0.022 | 0.053 | 4.82 | 0.83 | 粉土 |
图5 研究区滑坡体不同位置土体物理性质分布特征Fig. 5 The distribution characteristics of soil physical properties at different positions of landslide in the study area |
表6 研究区滑坡体不同位置土体物理性质指标试验结果Tab. 6 Test results of soil physical property indexes at different locations of landslides in the study area |
| 取样点位置 | 平均含水率/% | 平均密度/(g·cm-3) |
|---|---|---|
| 滑坡体后壁顶部 | 12.77±0.15 | 1.36±0.03 |
| 滑坡体后缘 | 24.26±2.41 | 1.38±0.04 |
| 滑坡体中部 | 13.67±1.77 | 1.44±0.11 |
注:滑坡体后壁顶部含水率测试样品数为6组(每组两个铝盒),密度测试样品数为3组(每组4个环刀);滑坡体后缘及滑坡体中部含水率测试样品数各为30组,密度测试样品数各为15组。 |
表7 研究区滑坡体不同位置处根-土复合体抗剪强度及其根系参数指标试验结果Tab. 7 Test results of root-soil composite shear strength and its root parameter indexes for landslides in the study area |
| 取样点位置 | 平均粘聚力/kPa | 平均内摩擦角/(°) | 平均含根量/根 | 平均根径/mm | 平均干重/g |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 滑坡体后壁顶部 | 9.21±5.36 | 21.34±0.79 | 179±4.21 | 0.34±0.04 | 1.04±0.40 |
| 滑坡体后部 | 13.67±3.22 | 21.86±1.71 | 373±109.91 | 0.26±0.05 | 0.98±0.26 |
| 滑坡体中部 | 11.65±2.80 | 24.97±1.41 | 167±84.44 | 0.32±0.08 | 0.96±0.45 |
注:滑坡体后壁顶部根系参数测试样品数为3组(每组4个环刀);滑坡体后缘及滑坡体中部根系参数测试样品数各为15组。 |
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