The cryosphere is one of the climate system component which plays an important role in the global biogeochemical mercury cycling. Anthropogenic mercury has been transported to remote cold and high regions worldwide through atmospheric circulation， and then transformed into methylmercury in the cryosphere. As one of the highly toxic environmental pollutants， methylmercury can be greatly bioaccumulated and biomagnified through the food web， which potentially poses threats to human and wildlife as well as the global cryospheric environments. In order to gain a full picture of research progress on methylmercury in the cryosphere， our study comprehensively summarized the concentration levels and analytical methods of methylmercury， and biogeochemical processes such as the migration， transformation and fate of methylmercury in various cryospheric environments including glacier， permafrost， snow ice and sea ice. We particularly made the literature review of microbial mercury methylation and evaluated the risk of methylmercury exposure to human and wildlife in the cryosphere. Meanwhile， we focus on distribution， behavior， and environmental effects of methylmercury in the cryosphere against the backdrop of climate change， which is essential for assessing the exposure risk of methylmercury to humans and wildlife. Perspectives of methylmercury researches in the cryosphere have also been highlighted in this review， though there is existing a knowledge gap of biogeochemical methylmercury cycling in the low temperature environments which merits further study.