Climate warming has caused the permafrost degradation， accelerating the formation and expansion of thermokarst lakes or ponds， and further increasing carbon release from permafrost regions. The physio-chemical variables of sediments play a critical role on methane （CH₄） production in the thermokarst lakes and ponds. Quantifying CH₄ production from the sediment of thermokarst lakes and ponds will improve our understanding on the response of methane emissions to climate change over the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. In this study， based on sediment samples collected from eight thermokarst lakes or ponds in the central and eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau， we intended to investigate the relationship between the physio-chemical variables of sediment and CH₄ production under laboratory incubation at 5 ℃， 10 ℃， and 15 ℃， respectively. The results showed that during the 50 days incubation period， the maximum CH₄ production （167.63 μg·g^-1 sediment） was found in MD-3 samples in an alpine wet meadow at the incubation temperature of 10 ℃. The minimum value （0.01 μg·g^-1 sediment） was recorded in the AD-2 sample that under a wet meadow at the incubation temperature of 15 ℃. The CH₄ production rates were higher in the sediments with relatively deeper thermokarst lakes and ponds， higher ammonia nitrogen content and lower the pH values. Meanwhile， the methane production of thermokarst lakes and ponds sediments was much higher than those in the Anduo area due to the high ammonia nitrogen and low pH values in the thermokarst lakes or ponds in the Maduo area. Temperature sensitivity of methane production （Q₁₀） of 5~10 ℃， 10~15 ℃ and 5~15 ℃ revealed that the increasing temperature has a promoting effect on 61.11% of total CH₄ production and an inhibiting effect on 18.06% of total CH₄ production. The results indicated that temperature was an important factor determining CH₄ production in the sediment of thermokarst lakes or ponds. This study investigated the effects of temperature on CH₄ production and their possible influencing factors from the sediments of thermokarst lakes or ponds， and thus provide a scientific basis for evaluating the potential and modeling of greenhouse gas emissions from thermokarst lakes or ponds.