Influenced by the warming and humidification trend of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau， the permafrost of Hoh Xil in the hinterland of the plateau showed rapid degradation， which induced a large number of thermokarst landforms. As the most typical thermokarst landform in permafrost areas， thaw slump is an indicator of climate and environmental changes. The rapid development of thaw slump has significant disaster effects on the regional environment and the stability of major infrastructure， but due to the lack of high-precision spatial data， there is a lack of meticulous research on the spatio-temporal evolution and characteristics of thaw slump in this region. Based on the interpretation of the image data of Gaofen satellite products， and combined with the verification of field survey in 2021， the distribution characteristics and disaster effects of thaw slump in Hoh Xil area were studied. The results show that there are 1 734 thaw slumps in the whole region， with a total area of about 30.82 km2. Thaw slumps mainly distribute in the gentle slope area of the hilly mountainous area at an altitude from 4 700 m to 4 800 m， of which the slope of 4°~6° is the most distributed， accounting for about 32% of the total number and 38% of the total area. Due to the influence of aspect on surface heat distribution and ground ice storage conditions， the influence on the distribution of thaw slump is greater， accounting for about 59% of the occurrences on the northern slope （N） and the northeast slope （NE）. The extensive development of thaw slumps not only has an important impact on the ecological environment， water environment and climatic environment in cold areas， but also has a catastrophic effect on major infrastructure and the lives and property of residents in Tibetan areas. The research is of great guiding significance for the future engineering planning and national park construction in the region.