Glacier is an important part of the cryosphere and is known as the "indicator" and "early warning device" of climate change. Under the influence of its own gravity， the glacier will move from the high-altitude area to the low-altitude direction to form the glacier ice flow. The maximum flow trajectory of the glacier ice is called the glacier mainstream line. The centerline of the glacier is the center line of the main stream line of the glacier and one of the key parameters to reflect the geometric shape of the glacier. It has important significance in measuring the change of the glacier length with time， analyzing the change characteristics of the glacier movement speed， estimating the glacier volume and building a one-dimensional glacier model. Based on the Tyson Polygon method， combined with the shortest distance formula and Dijkstra algorithm， according to the topographic characteristics of the glacier surface， this paper proposes a new method for automatic and rapid extraction of glacier centerlines in mountain glaciers from the perspective of morphology. This method encrypts the glacier vector boundary line according to the area of different glacier’s using empirical parameters， and combines the digital elevation model data to extract the glacier center line using the Tyson Polygon method with the lowest point and the local highest point on the glacier vector boundary line as the end point and the starting point. At the same time， the extracted local highest point is screened using the shortest distance formula， and only the point with the highest elevation is reserved as the starting point of the glacier centerline， In order to avoid the problem of multiple starting points of the glacier centerlines， the Dijkstra algorithm is used to filter the extracted glacier centerlines with the distance between the starting point and the end point as the weight， and only the shortest distance between the starting point and the end point is retained as the final center glacier centerline extraction result. This method was applied to 1 014 mountain glaciers in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau， and 2 114 corresponding glacier centerlines in glaciers were automatically generated， with an average length of 3.13 km and an extraction success rate of 100%. By comparing the proposed method with the methods of Kienholz et al.， Zhang et al.， it is found that the extraction results of the proposed method and the method of Kienholz et al.， Zhang et al.， have little difference for the simple structure of the single valley glacier. For compound valley glaciers and slope glaciers with more complex structures， the number of glacier centerlines extracted by the proposed method is more than that by Kienholz et al.， but less than that by Zhang et al.， and for ice cap glaciers， the number of glacier lines extracted by the proposed method is more than that by Kienholz et al.， Zhang et al. The results show that the glacier centerline extracted by this method has a more complete coverage， and the average length ratio of the glacier centerline extracted by this method and Kienholz's method is 0.98， which has a high consistency. This paper proposes a method of extracting the glacier centerline based on Tyson Polygon method， which takes the data of the digital elevation model and the boundary line of the glacier vector in the glacier catalog data as the input， can realize the automatic and rapid extraction of the glacier centerline without manual participation， and can also accurately extract the centerline in the tributaries of the glacier. This method solves the problem that only a single center line can be extracted based on the glacier axis method， and improves the extraction efficiency of glacier centerline.