Based on the assessment report on “the impact of short-lived climate forcing factors （SLCFs） on Arctic climate， air quality and Human Health” issued by the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme （AMAP） of the Arctic Council in 2021， this paper provided the new acknowledge on the characteristics black carbon， methane， ozone and sulfate aerosols and their impacts on Arctic climate changes. The AMAP assessment reported that black carbon， ozone and methane together promoted the Arctic rapid warming； while sulfate aerosols played a cooling effect on Arctic climate， slowing down the warming trend caused by carbon dioxide and other SLCFs. Global anthropogenic emissions and atmospheric concentrations of methane in the Arctic continued to increase. Tundra degradation， peatland melting and frequent forest fires hastened emissions of black carbon and organic carbon aerosols in the Arctic. Climate warming further resulted in wider and more frequent forest fires and permafrost degradation， forming positive feedback on the release of black carbon and methane and their potential effects on climate change. Therefore， SLCFs emission reduction would be favorable to the health and sustainability of the ecological environment in the Arctic. Meanwhile， this paper also provided the uncertainties of assessment on SLCFs in the Arctic and the perspectives in future.